Anti-Drug Campaign Identifying and Eliminating Adolescent Use and Accessibility Essay Example Essay Example

Anti-Drug Campaign: Identifying and Eliminating Adolescent Use and Accessibility Essay Example Paper Anti-Drug Campaign: Identifying and Eliminating Adolescent Use and Accessibility Essay Introduction Socially- hailed â€Å"Delinquent† Adolescent Teenagers and Young Adults, not over twenty-one, regardless of sex, gender, race, and social status, who have been holding issues and personal battles specifically with regard to any drug activity—in every sense imaginable (e.g. selling for profit , purchasing mainly for recreation and habitual use). Where are they? A sizeable many from identified areas and districts of Bonham City When is the need evident? Due to alarmingly increasing city drug activity which has slowly become directly and notoriously identifiable with the younger generation, specifically with high school and students, the need is hence deemed not only evident but more importantly, urgent. What? Why? What is the need? Anti-Drug Campaign: Identifying and Eliminating Adolescent Use and Accessibility Essay Body Paragraphs Wanting, and almost inexistent edifying youth programs, forms of substantial-rather-than-substance recreational youth activity, and even appealingly self-sustaining job opportunities for adolescent teenagers and young adults simply to resort to, among and within residential vicinities, which translates to the city’s over-all poor youth plan. The deficient core requirements of necessity, continuity, credibility in developing city youth programs are geared towards helping the youth without fail, averting their interest, fascination, and usage of different drug forms, and focusing on more significant output. This situation must not be considered as a personal preference by the adolescent teen, for it only re-affirms the greater influence and control of drugs in their lives and unto others. A strong and unifying youth campaign would sturdily stand as the unwavering movement for city youth betterment, building a drug-free environment of well-informed and wiser adolescent teens and young adults day one day at a time—from high school out-of-school youths to the young adults. An expansively wide-ranging city cause would advocate the city youth of different areas to opt paths of a more promising tomorrow. The program shall address emphasis and importance of character building and better decision-making, which would be most crucial later in their lives, shall be molded into the youth. Also, the program would instill in them that choosing substance over a substantial life secures a grim future, at best. Moreover, the program would encourage them to garner a diploma for whatever field they wish to pursue and want to succeed in. With this motivational driving point, activities which would solicit their participation would cater to, within reason, incorporating what they want and need. By identifying truthfully to what the various interests the youths are attracted to, attention and concentration can be built and sustained. The campaign will serve as the focal point for a united effort in developing skills, talents, and true interests of the youth that would lead them to better choice and kind of life, from attaining academic degrees to following their dreams and aspirations away from drug related distractions. Why does this occur? All community organizations for the youth development have individually worked as non-commercial and non profit institutions; thus, a feasible sense of continuity of various projects has been difficult to maintain. For this reason, the impact of the project carried out by the organization, regardless of potential and promise, had little to offer and effect. Some educational institutions, such as high schools, colleges, and universities, have overlooked the enrolled youth’s drug accessibility within their jurisdiction. There have been certain complications in garnering city financial aid and assistance from the local government, commercial institutions, and business organizations. Evidence of Problem What evidence do you have to support your claim?  · The rather troubling availability of illegal substances to the youth has been marked and been in fact true at some of the city’s educational bodies. As re-affirmed by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (2008), â€Å"25% of all students in grades 9 through 12 reported someone had offered, sold, or given them an illegal drug on school property† (n.p.).  · There is a risk which, from drug experimentation to regular use by adolescents, has become more apparent due to their accessibility. Also, according to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) (2009), â€Å"there was a significant increase in the estimated number of persons age 12 or older needing treatment for an illicit drug problem† (n.p.).  · Even though different educational bodies showed enthusiasm to do so, they found the monitoring of the youth beyond school premises to be rather complex. Some schools, though having a drug p olicy (drug education in form of courses and seminars), have reiterated the indicative need of third party assistance, which shall be provided by this organization under such a campaign. Also, school authority figures have suggested extra-curricular activities outside school which could serve as an alternative option catering to their interests to keep the youth better focused on their future, specifically amongst high school adolescents. Impact If Problem Is Resolved? What are the consequences of meeting the need? Those city youth who have had personal drug difficulties are given a better and stronger chance in ridding any and every form of drug issue out of their system in any and every way, directing them to a future where success in life can very much be a reality. Unifying organizations of similar aim under one single banner and purpose via this campaign delivers a stronger message and action of hope and actuality in the fight against drug use, availability, and issues in betwe en throughout the city. Involvement, city citizen movement, and support can better be solicited from anyone and everyone, both inside and outside of the city, to support a cause of constructing a future most fitting for young adolescents and adults. How is the need linked to your organization?  · The McLain Movement against Drugs Association’s (M.M.D.A) highest concern and main objective is to organize and forefront an anti-drug youth campaign that chooses to aid the troubled city youth comprehensively as a third party mediator between educational institutions, parents, and even fellow concerned youth. The anti-drug campaign will serve wide-ranging programs, projects, and extra-curricular activities that would cater the youth’s interest and be offered to better facilitate their personal issues and head them unto a trail of better opportunity. The campaign would center on activities that would offer options for the youth other than drugs, leisure, youth job opportunit ies, and much in between. Exercise 5. 1A. Developing Your Methods Tasks and Subtasks Task One would state that various youth organizations across local districts shall be contacted and brought together under the impression that the cooperation, idea conceptualization and unity shall be done by all groups involved and deliberated upon in the same by all. Subtask One would be considered as contacting other high schools, colleges, and universities along with other willing local institutions to offer assistance. Task Two would state that the various youth organizations along with educational institutions’ help shall build a one-year program for the youth. In this, identifying the campaign’s clear objectives, mission, vision, and everything in between shall be affirmed. Youth activities and projects to be directed shall be planned as well. Subtask Two would be considered as soliciting idea from the youth themselves in what their interests are for the program to better appea l to its target audience. Task Three would state that the campaign implementation shall be executed across the city district and areas. Subtask Three would be considered as administering and monitoring by the various youth organizations the activities and projects to carried-out thru the areas. Task Four would state the campaign’s local solidification of their presence and significance at their assigned districts. Subtask Four would be considered as continuing to improve the offered youth activities and project per local district. Task Five would state an assessment period of the campaign since its inception. Subtask Five would be regarded as further thorough assessment and thus renewal and setting of the next set of itineraries for the following year when process has been deemed successful. Person(s) Responsible For Task and Subtask One, McLain Movement against Drugs Association (M.M.D.A) Association head John McLain, together with the members, shall do the initial organizat ion of the would-be participating city youth organizations. For Task and Subtask Two thru Task Five, the individual heads of each of the participating organization shall coordinate with each other and the M.M.D.A. Resources Needed The most apparent need is financial assistance and aid for planned itinerary and to be carried-out activities and projects by the campaign for research information, financial allowances to the participating workers (both for the organization volunteers and the youth themselves), and most importantly, the scheduled and planned activities of which are in-store for the youth. Start and Finish Dates Task and Subtask One and Two shall be managed through the first four months of the campaign initialization. This would secure commitment and assurance from involvement of would be participating youth organizations. Task and Subtask Three would be managed at the fifth month from the campaign’s initialization. Task Four would be managed at the seventh month fr om the campaign’s initialization. Lastly, Task Five is an enduring process which identifies the areas of improvement for the on-going campaign. We will write a custom essay sample on Anti-Drug Campaign: Identifying and Eliminating Adolescent Use and Accessibility Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Anti-Drug Campaign: Identifying and Eliminating Adolescent Use and Accessibility Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Anti-Drug Campaign: Identifying and Eliminating Adolescent Use and Accessibility Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Definition and Examples of Prepositional Adverbs

Definition and Examples of Prepositional Adverbs In English grammar, a prepositional adverb is an  adverb  that can also function as a  preposition. Unlike an ordinary preposition, a prepositional adverb is not followed by an  object. An adverb is a word used to describe or modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Adverbs can help describe how an action is performed (carefully, happily, quickly), when an action takes place (before, after, daily, weekly), or where an action takes place (here, there, inside, outside). A preposition, meanwhile, is a word used to show direction, location, or time (on, at, over, near). It is a word that introduces a prepositional phrase, which usually ends with an object. Prepositional phrases include expressions such as on the ground, by the store, and near the wall. English words that can function as prepositional adverbs include the following: about, above, across, after, along, around, before, behind, below, between, beyond, by, down, in, inside, near, on, opposite, out, outside, over, past, round, since, through, throughout, under, up, within, and without. Phrasal Verbs Prepositional adverbs  (also called  adverbial particles) are also used to form  phrasal verbs. These are idiomatic expressions, usually consisting of a verb and an adverb or a verb and a preposition, that form a single semantic unit. Examples include phrases such as see to, pulled up, call on, give in, and hold back. Phrasal verbs are also known as compound verbs or multiword verbs. What makes them unique is the fact that their meaning is not the sum of their parts, as Grover Hudson points out in Essential Introductory Linguistics. Hudson offers the example of throw[ing] up, an action that doesnt involve either throwing or a direction up. Another good example is call off, meaning to cancel. The meaning of the verb call is transformed by the addition of the prepositional adverb off, creating an entirely new meaning. A single verb can be made into several different phrasal verbs, each with their own distinct meaning, by adding different prepositions. For example, the verb come can be turned into come up (with) (to think of an idea), come in (to enter), come across (to find), or come forward (to offer information).   Examples One way to spot prepositional adverbs is to look for prepositions that do not have corresponding objects. In many cases, these words are serving as adverbs: We were playing records, Mama, listening to the radio, just hanging around. Mama, just hanging around.(Annie Lou in Waiting for MacArthur, a play by P. Paullette MacDougal. Dramatic Publishing, 2003)Ring-a-ring-a-roses,A pocket full of posies;Hush! hush! hush! hush!We’re all tumbled down.(Kate Greenaways Mother Goose or the Old Nursery Rhymes, 1881)He called her up, she said oracularly, he called her up, and asked her to keep you at the telephone, so he could talk to Miss Louise. A thankless child is sharper than a serpents tooth.(Mary Roberts Rinehart, The Circular Staircase, 1908)After he finished wiping his shoes, he stepped inside.In the last quarter of the game, their fans cheered them on.In the middle of the investigation, an informant came forward with valuable information.As they passed by, they saw all kinds of amazing sights through the window of the train. In each of these examples, the adverb (around, down, up, inside, etc.) is a word that can also serve as a preposition. In each case, though, the word is not used to  form a prepositional phrase. In other words, each preposition (which functions as an adverb) appears without an object, making it a prepositional adverb. Pure Prepositions vs.Prepositional Adverbs In The Elements of English Grammar, George Philip Krapp writes that [t]he difference between the pure preposition and the prepositional adverb is illustrated by the following two sentences: He ran up the stairs.He ran up a bill. In the first sentence, stairs is the object of up. The expression up the stairs is a  prepositional phrase  modifying the verb ran. In the second sentence, however, bill is not the object of up, and up a bill is a not a prepositional phrase modifying the verb ran. Rather, the word up is acting as a prepositional adverb modifying the verb ran. Together, the two words form the phrasal verb ran up, an expression whose distinct meaning has nothing to do with the act of running.

Corporate governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Corporate governance - Essay Example ehalf of all shareholders of the Company and hence is responsible for every matter related to the firm that is the establishment of the firm itself and then providing every possible help so that it can achieve every business and organizational objectives and that too under continuous guidance with proper review and timely counseling. The set of purposes for which the board has been established are: To approve and monitor various critical business and the corresponding financial strategies of the company thereby assessing every major risks which the Company might face and the ways through which it can be mitigated. To oversee processes that have been designed to ensure that the Company; its employees etc are very much functioning under the law of the land as well as the applicable laws and regulations and the Companys conduct manual that is applicable equally at all places. The company’s power structure has been clearly defined along with the responsibilities of the head of the company is in between the functioning of the board and the executives withholding the responsibilities of the various businesses, departments and projects of the company. The decision making is a joint work with none of the individual having superior powers of decision. The appointment of new directors to the board is being done after a formal, rigorous and transparent procedure. The appointment is being achieved while depending on the information that board are being supplied on periodic basis that too in form of skills and qualification which is most suitable as well as appropriate so that the complete board including the new individual will get enabled to form a unit while discharging its duties. All directors over here receive induction on joining the board and are regularly updated to refresh their skills and knowledge. Corporate governance and the associated system is quite necessary for ensuring better performance of the whole corporate entity so that shareholders interest

The value and impact of information technology investments and the Thesis

The value and impact of information technology investments and the implications of those investements for effective management of the information systems organization - Thesis Example It has been concluded after performing this research that the technological resources are allocated by investing in the field of the information technology. Different firms which are existing and running business want to improve their operations and working systems of the business. Hence the impacts which are measured after the implementation of these technological advancements are known as the intangible benefits. These initiatives are increasing more in the developing countries which is discussed in detail in the report. This factor contributes in the overall economical performance of the organization as well as to the country. Moreover it is beneficial for the competition also. There are several reasons which are present in the thesis for which organization wants to improve the overall operations or few departments with the help of information technology investment. The value that is achieved by the use of IT is also described in paper for having a clear idea about the advantages and uses of these types of investments. The paper concludes with in-depth analysis of the framework discussed and provides some options which can be implemented in organizations looking for IT advancement. Technological advancements in every field are necessary and should be used by organizations striving for their development. Every organization whether big or small needs to be updated and want to invest more in the field of information technology. Every organization works specifically on improving their operations and processes with the help of latest information technology techniques and processes. Large companies focus more on these types of investments in order to get the maximum output from its operations and to earn more revenues.

No topic Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

No topic - Term Paper Example I can surely claim that this employee is one of the best employees, who worked in our organization. Mr. Sutherland worked for two years in our volunteer organization as a devoted human resource manager. His open mind and creative ideas helped us many times. It was very interesting for us to see the way he managed to deal with different problems of our employees. This young man deserves further promotion, because he always does his best. Bill Sutherland has an outstanding motivation and there is no need to take a closer look at him. He operates at a full pace. He is ready to learn quickly and effectively. He always does his work in time and no delays were ever noticed. A sense of maturity and professionalism are two permanent companions of Mr. Brown. Our Company enjoys working with this employee and colleagues have positive attitudes towards him. Professionalism of this employee is integrated with his outstanding personal features. I will be looking forward to tell you about Mr. Brown in details for you to know that he is the best candidate for this position in your Company. I am always ready to confirm my words and I have no doubts that you will be satisfied with performance of this employee. Please do not hesitate to call me at 708-900,

Source Of Mechanical Energy Engineering Essay

Source Of Mechanical Energy Engineering Essay Introduction Electricity is a basic part of nature and it is one of our most widely used forms of energy. It is a secondary energy source that we get it from the conversion of other sources of energy, like coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear power and other natural sources, which are called primary sources. Many cities and towns were built alongside waterfalls (a primary source of mechanical energy) that turned water wheels to perform work. Electricity consists of the presence of electric charges, as well as the flow of those charges. There are three forms of electricity. One form is static electricity, which is the presence of either positive (+) or negative (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢) electric charges in or on an object, usually a non-conducting material. The second form of electricity is the flow or movement of free electrons through a conducting material, such as a metal wire, toward an area of positive electric charges Electricity appears in two forms: alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). Direct current does not change directions the electron flow is always from the negative pole to the positive pole although as we mentioned before, the electrons themselves dont really move, its the holes that are created that move. Direct current is almost always what is used inside of electronic devices to power the various internal components, but it is a harmful thing in audio signals, which are alternating current. Alternating current (AC) electricity is the type of electricity commonly used in homes and businesses throughout the world. While direct current (DC) electricity flows in one direction through a wire, AC electricity alternates its direction in a back-and-forth motion. The direction alternates between 50 and 60 times per second, depending on the electrical system of the country. AC electricity is created by an AC electric generator, which determines the frequency. What is special about AC electricity is that the voltage can be readily changed, thus making it more suitable for long-distance transmission than DC electricity. But also, AC can employ capacitors and inductors in electronic circuitry, allowing for a wide range of applications. Direct current or DC electricity is the continuous movement of electrons from an area of negative (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢) charges to an area of positive (+) charges through a conducting material such as a metal wire. Whereas static electricity sparks consist of the sudden movement of electrons from a negative to positive surface, DC electricity is the continuous movement of the electrons through a wire. A DC circuit is necessary to allow the current or steam of electrons to flow. Such a circuit consists of a source of electrical energy (such as a battery) and a conducting wire running from the positive end of the source to the negative terminal. Electrical devices may be included in the circuit. DC electricity in a circuit consists of voltage, current and resistance. The flow of DC electricity is similar to the flow of water through a hose. Electrical Wiring Electrical wiring system is a network of electrical conductors for carrying electrical current to the electrical equipment involved. This method is related to the wiring system for buildings in Malaysia. In Malaysia, the electric wiring system is subject to the rules established by the Energy Commission as provided under the Electricity Supply Act 1990, Electricity Regulations 1994, the MS IEC 60364:2003 Standard Electrical Installations of Building, MS 1936:2006 Electrical Installations of Building Guide To MS IEC 60364 and the MS 1979:2007 Electrical Installation of Building Code of Practice. Wiring systems used in Malaysia is very similar to the electrical wiring standards used by the United Kingdom but by the standards of the wire conductor already changed. NEW TOWN DEVELOPMENT SDN BHD PROJECT The high-rise building electrical system For The New Town Development Sdn Bhd project, this building was a high-rise commercial building. The building comprises of 4 storey basement parking and 7 storey shopping complex and the rest are offices lot. So, for the electrical installation should at every floor there were a number of electrical panels to serve all the lighting and power requirements on that floor including the lighting, switched socket outlets, toilet exhaust fans and anything else. Some areas of the office used an open floor office systems so under floor trunking was also used here. Besides, a few of the panel were located inside the riser room of each floor. However, since each was a large area some panels needed to be located at the office area. Wiring directly from the electrical riser would be unnecessarily too long. Therefore, the electrical consultant locates these electrical panels along the corridors throughout the building. The design architect was requested to provide small rooms to house the panel. Alternatively, small electrical cabinets with lockable doors and sufficient work access and ventilation would be acceptable. If the planned building is very high example like 40 storey office building or in cases where heavy loads are located at higher levels of the building, it may be necessary to provide substations at the higher levels of the building. For the 40-storey office building, an 11/415 kV substation may be necessary at one of the upper floor. It may be located at twentieth floor, for example. All the electrical substation room spaces as explained earlier will then need to be provided except the authoritys electrical rooms. The floors of this substation would then need to be specifically designed by the appointed structural consultants to handle the loads of all the substation equipment. Based on the structures and other factors was related. We propose the installation of electricity for this building using the radial system and ring main system. Because its easier to maintain and simple system for the design and construction. In addition, using the rising main distribution system is important because the building is more than 5 levels. So, to distribute electric power at every level is appropriate to use the rising main for the building. Basement A basement is one or more floors of a building that are either completely or partially below the ground floor. Basements are typically used as a utility space for a building where such items as the furnace, water heater, breaker panel or fuse box, car park, and air-conditioning system are located; so also are amenities such as the electrical distribution system, and cable television distribution point. In British English the word basement is used for underground floors of, for example, department stores but is used for a space below the ground floor of a house only when it is habitable, with windows and (usually) its own access. The word cellar is used to apply to any such large underground room. Subcellar is a cellar that lies further underneath. Based on the planned building project, the level of 1st to 4th is the basement. In part this is a car park. Therefore, we recommend the installation of electricity in the area using ring system. Ring system is ideal because in this part do not use electrical appliances and many others. Basement car parks.jpg Basement pendlehill1.jpg Basement Ring Main System in Basement A ring main wiring circuit is the alternative to a radial wiring circuit. In a radial wiring circuit, the wiring starts at the circuit breaker and connects to each device on the circuit (fans, outlets, lamps, etc) in turn. When it reaches the last device, the wiring simply ends. Ring main wiring goes one step further instead of ending the wiring at the last device; it pulls more wiring back from the last device to the circuit breaker, completing a loop. Ring main wiring is required in some places, and illegal in others. The main advantage to a ring main system is smaller wiring. Since each device on the ring has two hot wires connecting it to the circuit breaker (one on each side of the loop), smaller wiring can be used to safely carry the electric current. Smaller wire is both cheaper and easier to work with. It bends more easily, can be pulled around corners with less effort, and is easier to fit into the screws and connectors you need to attach it to. One other advantage is wiring distance. Wire has some small amount of resistance, and the longer the wire goes to reach the device it is powering, the more resistance it has. This results in a voltage drop over the length of the wire run (by Ohms Law), which could affect the operation of your electrical devices if it drops too low. The maximum distance from the circuit breaker around the ring is the midpoint of the ring, while the maximum distance in a radial circuit is the end of the chain. In this manner, the ring setup effectively cuts the distance to the farthest device in half. The radial system does have one advantage over ring main. If a break were to occur somewhere in the wiring loop of a ring main system, you wouldnt know it. Everything would still function normally because it is still powered from one end. However, this means that if you took advantage of the ability to run smaller wiring (and everyone does), your wire is now undersized for the current it is expected to handle because the system is no longer powered from two wires, only one. This can result in overheating of the wires, which in turn breaks down the insulation and can start a fire. In electricity supply, a ring final circuit or ring circuit (informally also ring main or just ring) is an electrical wiring technique developed and primarily used in the United Kingdom that provides two independent conductors for live, neutral and protective earth (ground) within a building for each connected load or socket. 557px-Ring_circuit.svg.png ring distribution Ring Main Distribution Size of cable used to ring system is 2.5 mm2. Installation Rules of Ring System at basement Rules for ring circuits say that the cable rating must be no less than two thirds of the rating of the protective device. This means that the risk of sustained overloading of the cable can be considered minimal. In practice, however, it is extremely uncommon to encounter a ring with a protective device other than a 30 A fuse, 30 A breaker, or 32 A breaker, and a cable size other than those mentioned above. The IEE Wiring Regulations (BS 7671) permit an unlimited number of socket outlets to be installed on a ring circuit, provided that the floor area served does not exceed 100 m2. In practice, most small and medium houses have one ring circuit per storey, but for this building should having more. An installation designer may determine by experience and calculation whether additional circuits are required for areas of high demand; for example, it is common practice to put kitchens on their own ring circuit or sometimes a ring circuit shared with a utility room to avoid putting a heavy load at one point on the main downstairs ring circuit. A heavy concentration of load close together on a ring circuit can cause minor overloading of one of the cables if near the end of the ring, so kitchens should not be wired at one end of a ring circuit. Unfused spurs from a ring wired in the same cable as the ring are allowed to run one single or double socket (the use of two singles was previously allowed but was banned because of people replacing them with doubles) or one fused connection unit (FCU). Spurs may either start from a socket or be joined to the ring cable with a junction box or other approved method of joining cables. Triple and larger sockets are generally fused and therefore can also be placed on a spur. It is not permitted to have more spurs than sockets on the ring, and it is considered bad practice by most electricians to have spurs in a new installation (some think they are bad practice in all cases).Where loads other than BS 1363 sockets are connected to a ring circuit or it is desired to place more than one socket for low power equipment on a spur, a BS 1363 fused connection unit (FCU) is used. In the case of fixed appliances this will be a switched fused connection unit (SFCU) to provide a point of isolation for the appliance, but in other cases such as feeding multiple lighting points (putting lighting on a ring through is generally considered bad practice in new installation but is often done when adding lights to an existing property) or multiple sockets, an unswitched one is often preferable. Shopping Complex Based on commercial building a project was planned by the New Town Development Sdn Bhd. A 40 storey high building will put the shopping complex of seven stories are starting at level 5th to 11th. Thus, the electrical installation for this we propose to use a radial system. We feel the radial system is suitable for shopping complex. Because there are a lot of use of electrical appliances such as lights, air conditioners and so on. In addition, the radial system is easy to designed, built and maintained. Shopping Complex at level 5th Shopping Complex at level 5th 8th Offices In this building project, a total of 29 levels will be provided for offices start from level 12th to 40th. Based on this, we agreed to use the same method of electrical installations such as shopping complexes, namely the radial system. This method is ideal because it is easy to maintain. In addition, if there is damage to the wire. It is easily known and easily repaired than the ring system. Office Radial System in Shopping Complex and Offices The radial system is widely used, economical systems often found in low-load density areas. To reduce the duration of interruption, overhead feeders can be protected by automatic reclosing devices located at the substation or at various locations on the feeder. This device reenergizes the feeder if the fault is temporary. To further reduce the duration and extent of customer interruptions, sectionalizing fuses are installed on branches of radial feeders allowing unaffected portions of a feeder to remain in service. Radial distribution systems are the simplest systems to plan, construct, and maintain, but are also the least reliable because of the radial nature of the design being served from a single source at a time. If any part of the system experiences a failure, some or all of the customers served by the radial feeder will be without power until a repair is completed. Straightforward design, lower cost, and decent reliability are the distinguishing characteristics of the RDS. An auto-loop distribution system is a special type of radial distribution system and is differentiated by having two feeders that tie to a customer load. The auto-loop system automatically senses the loss of one source of voltage and quickly and automatically switches the load to the second feeder. This type of system adds reliability benefits by keeping outages to a few seconds (or less) but the added cost of having two sets of utility equipment at one location, could be as high as hundreds of thousands of dollars for each installation. radial distribution Radial System Radial system distribution Size of cable commonly used for circuit radius is 4 mm2 Rising Main Distribution for commercial building For multi-storey buildings such as this are ideal to use the rising system. This is because, to ensure that each level of the building is fully supplied with electricity from renewable sources of electricity. A riser is a feeding cable or pipe giving supply to upper floors of a multi-storey building (high rise building). The above picture shows a typical installation of bus duct rising mains in the riser room at individual floor of a high rise building (The Bus duct was taken in the riser room at one of the upper floors of a high rise building). Most of the major components of a bus duct riser system. In electrical works, a riser is a set of cables the supply the upper floors. The feeding cables rise up straight to the top floor. Then at each floor a tap-off unit is connected so electricity can be supplied to that floor (for this project, we propose the radial distribution system). An alternative is to run one individual set of cables to each floor. Then there would be many cables that need to be installed the number of which is directly proportional to the number of upper floors. There are actually three risers, first one is the normal main electricity supply. This supply is just the normal authority supply like the one you have in your house. The 100A tap off unit is for this riser. The second tap off, which is one of the 60A units, is what is called essential supply, or emergency supply. It is a normal authority supply like the one you have from the 100A tap off unit above. However, it is also backed by a standby diesel generator. This means that if the electricity supply from the authority distribution network fails due to problem with their underground distribution cables or whatever, the standby electric generator would kick in and switch in the locally generated electricity to this electrical riser. Large capacity electric generators are expensive. Therefore, it is not economical to supply all electricity needs in the building from this generator. That is why separate electrical risers are used, and the normal riser is not backed by the generator supply. The third tap off unit (the second 60A unit) is for the air conditioning system. It is quite common (and is considered a better design) to have a separate feeder cable for the air conditioning and mechanical ventilation (ACMV) system in a large building. That is the reason for the third electrical riser here. rising main detail Rising Main Distribution Rising main distribution is use to distribute 415v 3-phase electricity from main distribution board to all floors. The copper vertical bus bars which run up in electricity cable riser. The vertical duct or trunking to the height of the building. To prevent the spread of fire and smoke, fire barriers are incorporated with the bus bar chamber at each compartment floor level. One more point to note here is that some office buildings use the generator-backed supply example like essential supply to feed the electrical riser for the air-conditioning system. With this arrangement, ACMV equipment that need to continue operating even during the mains failure do not need to be connected to ESSENTIAL supply riser, which is why it is given a separate riser in the first place. Observe the large flexible conduits coming out from the bottom of the tap off units and connect to the orange-colored electrical trunking. Some installations use rigid metal trunking for this purpose. Cables are run from a tap off unit into the flexible conduit to go to the orange metal trunking. They run inside the trunking to connect to the respective sub-switchboard. The switchboard for the air conditioning system is normally located inside the AHU room of that particular floor. From the sub-switchboards, separate outgoing cables are run inside the trunking to connect to separate distribution boards (DB) on that particular floor. Even though electrical installations at hospitals are relatively much more complex than the office building above, the installation at their hostel and staff quarters buildings are usually very simple. https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOjNcqJBXCLdWP3GYapB3eUL0pH_4423rBaBuSTHTBtDt3mce_u36zJ_ry0a3U1FJfz2RFnXuUrz8lTQhxS1oksfuaiTAHczwWsCFSLwql8w5BGhQqfelFiHoxKNMpbP_-iU14uGtOXYRQ/s320/Floor+Sub-switchboard+Picture.JPG Typical bus duct rising main at individual building floors https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWVcd-7dwZqRu9ca3JMF5tvF9DbNtMQlCPOkFstA3BhdM9zb0va6l846i4b-M6_dubXw2uZJwRJMR-EHN3HfOtBMjXFBybZHAGyd3gFPl71uEzW7BPdemYcXShpwgmm6gzB9ukgWJrcEWc/s320/Electrical+Busduct+Riser+Picture.jpg The electrical riser room Basically, there only two new components at each riser, which is the Termination Box (Feed In Box) and the incoming cables that terminate into the termination box. The generator-backed Essential supply cables need to have red colored insulation. It is because this supply is part of the fire emergency system of the building. A fire-rated cable must be able to continue operating for a certain number of hours during fire before it fails. This is the requirement. It used to be MICC (mineral insulated copper cables) cables that play this role, but now people use mostly the fire-rated cables for this purpose except in very special installation condition. The fire-rated cables are cheaper, easy to install and maintain. The black-colored cables are from the Normal supply. That means the other ends of the cables are connected to the Normal Supply main switchboard. While the red cables are connected to the Essential Supply main switchboard. Which means the Essential Supply main switchboard is the one that is backed by the standby electric generator. https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkAgNlVQ0IsSUQOtHpaMA5yS_1hb-tLEcGF_Um7U34PQBA-fGmeti-la6cxPJXWC5AMcot13HxXhdJRo21brtQstdULPl0PfgVj6fnULoiAa142Bg8xxxfTCN9vJ-HBI2MRETOA0iDNDIy/s320/Busbar+Trunking+Picture.jpg The bus duct risers at riser room https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQnaQHZqFZPB_4wAQP2ZDEeALE5nj2j6shxnb1iRxtpmOblBPmNmILxw_rAWxqyJOSSkfhfKHys5uFIV0ISwNLGAQmFmjVpXR17WQK0pOYJLfvEk8soBmU-_BOWQ-SqOa4TuhSUBr1CySA/s320/60+A+TPN+Tap+Off+Unit+Image.jpg The front view of one of the 60A TPN tap off units https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcOrDR5EYrwvdnLcwgRmVXgAXP12zB5hu9T7LsAIqoVSTyGqvAIwP3M0-cUTKgcAyjRmAA70iqTVrD9V4FU7ZNXRjQ-HhZ_l7rncao0q0vvLv2n5mR7YWeWqAELis7mC7UeAjO6lRnpTQR/s320/Busduct+Conductors+Arrangement+Image.JPG A closer view of the vertical bus duct showing the arrangement of the conductors inside Cables and busways A busbar trunking system comprises a set of conductors protected by an enclosure. Used for the transmission and distribution of electrical power, busbar trunking systems have all the necessary features for fitting: connectors, straights, angles, fixings, etc. The tap-off points placed at regular intervals make power available at every point in the installation. A busbar trunking is placed at the offices. http://www.electrical-installation.org/w/images/c/c9/FigE37.jpg Busbar trunking system design for distribution of currents from 25 to 4000A. The various types of busbar trunking Busbar trunking systems are present at every level in electrical distribution: from the link between the transformer and the low voltage switch switchboard (MLVS) to the distribution of power sockets and lighting to offices, or power distribution to workshops. http://www.electrical-installation.org/w/images/3/32/FigE38.jpg Radial distribution using busways at the offices There are essentially three categories of busways that we proposed for the commercial building, that is; 1) Transformer to MLVS busbar trunking Installation of the busway may be considered as permanent and will most likely never be modified. There are no tap-off points. Frequently used for short runs, it is almost always used for ratings above 1,600 /2,000 A, i.e. when the use of parallel cables makes installation impossible. Busways are also used between the MLVS and downstream distribution switchboards. The characteristics of main-distribution busways authorize operational currents from1,000 to 5,000 A and short-circuit withstands up to 150 kA. 2) Sub-distribution busbar trunking with low or high tap-off densities Downstream of main-distribution busbar trunking, two types of applications must be supplied: Mid-sized premises (industrial workshops with injection presses and metalwork machines or large supermarkets with heavy loads). The short-circuit and current levels can be fairly high (respectively 20 to 70 kA and 100 to 1,000 A). Small sites (workshops with machine-tools, textile factories with small machines,supermarkets with small loads). The short-circuit and current levels are lower (respectively 10 to 40 kA and 40 to 400 A). Sub-distribution using busbar trunking meets user needs in terms of: Modifications and upgrades given the high number of tap-off points Dependability and continuity of service because tap-off units can be connected under energized conditions in complete safety The sub-distribution concept is also valid for vertical distribution in the form of 100 to 5,000 A risers in tall buildings. 3) Lighting distribution busbar trunking Lighting circuits can be distributed using two types of busbar trunking according to whether the lighting fixtures are suspended from the busbar trunking or not. Busbar trunking designed for the suspension of lighting fixtures These busways supply and support light fixtures (industrial reflectors, discharge lamps, etc.). They are used in supermarkets, department stores and warehouses. The busbar trunkings are very rigid and are designed for one or two 25 A or 40 A circuits. They have tap-off outlets every 0.5 to 1 m. Busbar trunking not designed for the suspension of lighting fixtures Similar to prefabricated cable systems, these busways are used to supply all types of lighting fixtures secured to the building structure. They are used in commercial buildings (offices, shops, restaurants and etc.), especially in false ceilings. The busbar trunking is flexible and designed for one 20 A circuit. It has tap-off outlets every 1.2 m to 3 m. Busbar trunking systems are suited to the requirements of a large number of buildings. Industrial buildings: garages, workshops, farm buildings, logistic centers, etc. Commercial areas: stores, shopping malls, supermarkets, hotels, etc. Tertiary buildings: offices, schools, hospitals, sports rooms, cruise liners, etc. Examples of Canalis busbar trunking systems http://www.electrical-installation.org/w/images/3/39/FigE40.jpg Flexible busbar trunking not capable of supporting light fittings  : Canalis KDP (20 A) http://www.electrical-installation.org/w/images/5/5c/FigE41.jpg Rigid busbar trunking able to support light fittings  : Canalis KBA or KBB (25 and 40 A) http://www.electrical-installation.org/w/images/b/b3/FigE42.jpg Lighting duct  : Canalis KBX (25 A) http://www.electrical-installation.org/w/images/a/a5/FigE43.jpg A busway for medium power distribution: Canalis KN (40 up to 160 A) http://www.electrical-installation.org/w/images/5/52/FigE44.jpg A busway for medium power distribution: Canalis KS (100 up to 1000A) http://www.electrical-installation.org/w/images/4/47/FigE45.jpg A busway for high power distribution: Canalis KT (800 up to 1000 A) Trunking and Conduit System in Commercial Building https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9dyT_OVJR-TlCvNTdH2Wm6XrWXDZLpj2XLHoLTjzT9W0Oxh_zC7L1BXXmPVEi8sl_qwVfv0iP5Ce3QaghyphenhyphenY0VE-jm32CACtPz4j8XHgMk4H2xF6gE19S3JRmxpnS-Ix4rqUmCxIcInZo5/s320/Mechanical+and+Electrical+Coordination+Picture.jpg Conduit and trunking This picture shows how the electrical conduit and trunking installation should be coordinated with water pipes on the building. Trade subcontractors (water piping sub-contractors, electrical sub-contractors, telephone cabling contractor, computer network contractor and others) must not be allowed to proceed with the installation of their individual services and equipment on the first come, first served basis. Prior to the commencement of the installation works by trade sub-contractors, a set of proper coordinated drawings, endorsed by all relevant parties, should be made available to all the sub-contractors involved in a particular area. https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjro2m2QXr-T1CG5IJEqM1ZM69nMkrAWP59UigF12HxnqGAtl0urE3sOI28ntPGkhN8RbOzSyBmbnuRB8o2qYvnLrZJ98MODMswjzHM8EL5FiYvbfDWPoHXMOCXjtBRw1qGkFckI5JqM3ki/s320/Below+Slab+Trunking+Installation+Photo.jpg Electric trunking running below soffit of a concrete floor slab There is no electrical installation work of a significant size can be done properly without the use of an electric trunking. A trunking is a larger size of a conduit. When you need to run a number of electric conduits along each other for a significant distance, then consider using a trunking in place of the conduits. There are so many sizes you can choose from. The above picture is an example of a trunking installation above ceiling level, under the soffit of the concrete floor slab. we also labeled some of the other services there for the benefit of those non-electrical readers who need pictures like this for reference, to know what is what among the myriads of pipes, conduits and trunking running above the ceiling level. https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3Nky2868Y5ZSo3hez13WUx0xhkQkWa1MOz8nvcrkb4MqYV2gA5Hir87Nx1cikAZr-H4hyTMAPETgRPJbBOZhMCQLVHpB-B0krXNmtdaFwjBCD8NqKDOIhJ6U9FoXDeYFetCl9bqfjsDRb/s320/Wiring+Trunking+Picture.jpg Electrical trunking in and out of the electric panels There are electrical trunking connecting the panels at above and below the panels. But the box-up walls have hid them. This picture is metal trunking. In future, the maintenance electrician would need to access and open the cover of the trunking in the repair and upgrading works. Therefore, a means of access is required, which was not provided at all at the mock-up unit. https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCYKGPATg8G5tlMmNLcLISxkaghto-Nzni2DMJ4EmH4mH02XnfM8Mm1-0Og2nZ4LmvA3myL4sSj1PRVzrga7upzBQuGfksgS3dZQKa25OZM84oAFsEzU-aqMdjQgr9eip8ULm_jhI63Yjw/s320/Underfloor+Trunking+Installation+Photo.jpg Under floor trunking installation The under floor trunking system has been around for a long time. An under floor trunking system is an alternative way of providing the dedicated routes to run electrical cables, telephone cables or any other wiring cables. An 11KV cable is not a wiring cable. A 25 sq.mm electrical feeder cable to supply an 11 KW fire pump panel is not a wiring cable. The 1.5 sq.mm cables that are used for wiring the office lights are categorized wiring cables. https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQDPJGVYxSwhq60F4OfOyI8zREpNfMqsItTkZlrh3IFkG9tEpCy7hBIb46ki_geaRbrs-mDsGVlE7eM_z8xRVxC5PRap0q1nP3MNfoI20Jv7ncxmmpThwCD2sVeTA_pJJvSxErcNK8b_NE/s320/Surface+Conduit+Installation+Picture.jpg Surface conduits The conduits are used to protect the wiring cables that carry the electrical current. Electricity is dangerous. Even though the electric conductors that carry the current is insulated by some PVC covering materials or whatever, the covering material is not strong enough to protect the cable from damage. When the covering is damaged, the electrical conductor inside may be exposed to touch or it can also unintentionally come into contact with things that can carry electric current. This scenario would present a high risk of electric shocks. Therefore, we protect the electric cables so that they do not present the dangers of electric shocks to people (or animals). A second reason to protect the cables is to make sure the electrical system stays reliable. When the cable PVC covering is damaged, the conducting metal can come into contact with other metals that are in contact with earth. https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyMue9dWuy-ZAub-RxeVIqVgKctaOi2Hn3G__xDK3CmJdu31XF0Aw7WSxemgPP3F7KSQia2xbsBblVVAFVMuhfm87kbNJieMWMO8MQ5f2BcMvSt9IjhxMidJArlyerO1kk042nN5boSqhz/s320/Overhead+Projector+Installation+Picture.jpg A motorized overhead projector The electrical contractor produced a mock-up unit of the installation bracket for motorized overhead projector. The overhead projector was for meeting rooms (offices level). There were about thirty units to be installed through the building. https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9s4Nj3CQD9QlnsUbbAnami4gy4TRk2D8xXa-ZnUePZ9RcAVYxkimuSMYQsrKxbi7GhczMkGSlHmVbCe4JVUdLb_xCd8ypJtPqJS8IjIteyIgkdNL8_L75ao8Js3727_vIdXBQlgMf8vIG/s320/Feeder+pillar+picture.jpg Compound lighting feeder pillar A building construction of significant size is usually not complete without at least one small outdoor weatherproof feeder pillar. High rise building electric closets https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSMkE8LhgtRd7Y9SocJy-7FqhmKxNkJ_bDiwDl5dZndNwqiupGBk6fnFfZYqGKiQT_3bXMrLD61DMZ-miFzk88og5JXFHfeXV2qlVL9U1snXDI7a611QLMFd9-4YT0mWdSS-Xv0_1CC1As/s320/Electric+Closet+Picture.jpg Electric closet The electric closet in the following pictures has been done for a multi storey bui

Coles’ Ideas in The Tradition: Fact and Fiction Essay -- Photography J

Coles’ Ideas in The Tradition: Fact and Fiction â€Å"The documentary tradition as a continually developing â€Å"record† that is made in so many ways, with different voices and vision, intents and concerns, and with each contributor, finally, needing to meet a personal text† (Coles 218). Coles writes â€Å"The Tradition: Fact and Fiction† and describes the process of documenting, and what it is to be a documentarian. He clearly explains through many examples and across disciplines that there is no â€Å"fact or fiction† but it is intertwined, all in the eye of the maker. The documentarian shows human actuality; they each design their own work to their own standards based on personal opinion, values, interest and whom they want the art to appeal to. Coles uses famous, well-known photographers such as Dorthea Lange and Walker Evans, who show the political angle in their documentations and the method of cropping in the process of making the photo capture exactly what the photographer wants the audience to view. In this paper I will use outside sources that support and expand on Coles ideas with focus on human actuality, the interiority of a photograph, and the emotional impact of cropping. According to Coles and an outside source I found, Lange is a documentarian who vividly portrays human actuality in her writing. Lange is depicted through Robert Coles as a caring individual, whose innermost thoughts, concerns and beliefs are transferred onto her photographs, especially in her photograph of the â€Å"Migrant Mother,† which is from her most well-known photograph during the dustbowl era. Jack Hurley’s book, Portrait of a Decade, describes more about Lange’s motives and background, thus making me able to better understand Coles’ ideas and the other parts of the essay regarding Lange: When economic disaster struck the country†¦ Dorothea Lang knew that somehow she had to be a part of the fight to win better conditions for the poor†¦Lange had very strong feelings about social injustice and her feelings came through clearly in her photographs. Because she did not come to Washington until the next spring, Lange did not take part in those early, highly important discussions and critiques. Her work was done separately in the early days and primarily on the West Coast. Even so, Lange’s pictures spoke for her and had a tremendous influence on the formative period of historical section. ... ... more about them by studying the photograph. In this paper I used outside sources such as Hurley’s book, Gawthrop’s, Jacobson and Moakley articles to clarify and develop deeper thinking about Coles’ ideas in â€Å"The Tradition: Fact and Fiction,† with focal points being: human actuality, the interiority of a photograph, and the emotional impact of cropping. Throughout Coles’ essay he portrays a documentarian as one who creates their work to meet their own standards based on personal opinion, values, interest and their audience. He also shows, in correlation to the title, that there is no line between fact or fiction in documentary work; they are loosely mingled, overlapping and only seen separately from a biased standpoint. Work Cited Coles, Robert. â€Å"The Tradition: Fact and Fiction.† Ways of Reading (2002) 175-218. Gawthrop, Louis. â€Å"Dorothea Lange and visionary change.† Society 30 (1993): 64. Hurley, Jack. Portrait of a Decade. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1972. Jacobson, Colin. â€Å"A different way of seeing.† Lancet 357 (2001): 1454. Moakley, Paul. â€Å"End fame: A room of one’s own: Todd Eberle on Walker Evans.† Photo District News 23(2003): 128.

Human Resources Management Essay

Proper management of human resources is vital to being a successful business. Human resources are one of the critical departments within any organization. The purpose of this essay is to emphasize the basic principles of Human Resources Management. EEO and Affirmative Action, Human Resources Planning, Recruitment, and Selection, HRD, Compensation and Benefits, Safety and Health, and Employee and Labor Relations are the six areas of Human Resources Management that will be the focus. All of these Human Resources Management areas should be working together and should correspond with the overall business strategy. According to our text, â€Å"Human Resource Management is specifically charged with programs concerned with people – the employees† (Ivancevich, 2007). It was observed by Edward L. Gubman, in the Journal of Business Strategy, that â€Å"the basic mission of human resources will always be to acquire, develop, and retain talent; align the workforce with the business; and be an excellent contributor to the business. Those three challenges will never change† (Gubman, 2006). In today’s world the terms human resource management and human resources is called personnel management or a personnel manager. â€Å"In simple words HRM means employing people, developing their capacities, utilizing, maintaining and compensating their services in tune with the job and organizational requirement† (Storey, 2007). The recognition of the importance of Human Resource Management extends to small businesses also. There for some time they did not generally have the same volume of human resources requirements as the larger organizations, but they too face personnel management issues that can have a decisive impact on the business’ health. In The Small Business Handbook Irving Burstiner stated â€Å"hiring the right people and training them well can often mean the difference between scratching out the barest of livelihoods and steady business growth personnel problems do not discriminate between small and big business, you will find them in all businesses, regardless of size† (Burstiner, 2008). The proper management of a company’s human resources is vital to the success of that company. People within an organization are the most precious and vital resource. They should be treated as such. It is important that the managing of human resources should be done correctly as it affects the overall business plan of any organization. As a person that plans to own an accounting business, this course has made realize that human resources are a very important and vital part of a company. This course has given me the tools to ensure that I have proper Human Resource Management and my employees are taken care of. There are many employers that consider themselves to be equal employment opportunity (EEO) employers. There may even be an employee within the organization that is an EEO officer or they could simply make sure they have a personnel manager, and/or other managers who understand and follow EEO. Our text stated â€Å"the human resource manager plays an important role in showing by example that each employee is important and will be treated ethically and equally† (Ivancevich, 2007). This usually means: †¢ That the employer is following the anti-discrimination laws and is ensuring that everyone within the organization understands these laws and abides by them. †¢ That the employer is preparing and implementing equal employment opportunity management plans or programs designed to ensure that everyone really does get equal opportunity within the organization. Most people know affirmative action as having to do with the development of equal opportunity plans and providing special help for minority groups with a disadvantaged past. Affirmative action programs also help give previously disadvantaged groups the skills they need to compete on equal terms with all other employees. This is a way of ensuring that there is truly equal opportunity between all potential and existing employees. There is a full-time EEO officer within my organization. It is my understanding that our EEO officer has never had anyone come to her about any discrimination that has taken place within the organization. An analysis of the job to be done, written into a job description should be written so that selectors know what physical and mental characteristics applicants must possess, what qualities and attitudes are desirable and what characteristics would be a decided disadvantage. Human resources planning usually refer to classic human resource administrative functions. The evaluation and identification of human resource requirements should meet organizational goals. Effectively, selection is essentially ‘buying’ and employee, the wage or salary multiplied by probable years of service being the price. Bad employee buys can become very expensive for any organization. For this reason, for particular jobs, some organizations may use external expert consultants for recruitment and selection. The ‘cost’ of a poor selection is a reason why those who recruit and employ should be well trained to judge the suitability of all potential applicants. The main sources of recruitment are as follows: †¢ Internal company promotions †¢ Appointment boards †¢ Agencies for the unemployed †¢ Advertising or the use of other local media. The businesses vacancy numbers should determine what line of recruitment should take place. It is important that an organization have a background check done to verify experience and statements about qualifications thoroughly before hiring a potential employee. To ensure a good recruitment process it is important to have training in interviewing and appraising candidates. This type of training usually teaches interviewers how to draw out the interviewee and how to rate the candidates. This is probably one of the most important parts of human resource management. Human Resource Development (HRD) helps employees develop their personal and organizational abilities. Opportunities for employee training, employee career development, performance management, mentoring and organizational development are included in Human Resource Development. Human Resource Development mainly focus is the development of the best employees possible. The reason for this is so that the organization and its employees can accomplish the organizational goals. Human Resource Development can be formal, such as a classroom setting or informal, such as an employee mentoring session by a manager. Organizations that are healthy believe in Human Resource Development. They also believe that the development of their employees is what makes the organization prosper. Unfortunately this is not something that takes place within my organization. It would be nice to be able to receive training that would improve my knowledge and skills and allow me to help in other areas of the organization if possible.

Individualism essays

Individualism essays During the Renaissance, individualism was a noteworthy concept which emerged during the era. It stressed personality, uniqueness, genius, and full development of ones capabilities and talents. Before this idea materialized, recognition of remarkable individuals of the Dark Ages was limited strongly due to the fact that Christian humility discouraged self-absorption. However, from the Renaissance on, individualism remains as a dominating theme in Western civilization. The Age of Exploration exhibited individualism through the desire of men to discover lands and gain fame for not only their respective country, but also themselves. Columbus symbolized individualism and escape from Old World tyranny in his discovering of America. Sir Francis Drake brought fame to his country and himself by being the first man to circumnavigate the world. Vasco da Gamas traveling to India led to the claiming of India for Portugal. The emergence of prominent individuals during this time period was significant. Years later, The Glorious Revolution replaced one ruler with minimum bloodshed and helped eliminate the collectivism of the British laws. Political philosopher John Locke maintained that people set up civil governments to protect the three basic needs of life, liberty and property, and if those rights arent fulfilled, the people would have the right to revolt. During the Enlightment, several writers and philosophers appeared and shared their views with the world. Copernicus was the first to derive a heliocentric theory. Voltaire believed in ...laws which protect the freedom of the feeble against the ambitions of the strong and Diderot, along with other philosophers, published the Encylopedia. During the next era, the Romantic Movement was the new individualistic event. It was characterized by a belief in emotional liveliness, uninhibited imagination, and spontaneity in both art and personal lif ...

lexicographer - definition and examples

lexicographer - definition and examples Definition A lexicographer is a person who writes, compiles, and/or edits a dictionary. Lexicographer examine how words come into being and how they change in terms of pronunciation, spelling, usage, and meaning.The most influential lexicographer of the 18th century was Samuel Johnson, whose Dictionary of the English Language appeared in 1755. The most influential American lexicographer was Noah Webster, whose American Dictionary of the English Language was published in 1828. See Examples and Observations below. Also see: Ambrose Bierce on Lexicographers American Spelling and British Spelling Corpus LexicographyEtymologyAn Introduction to Noah WebsterLexicographicolatryLexicographyOxford English DictionaryReading the Dictionary: Ammon Sheas Lexicographical ExerciseSamuel Johnsons DictionaryWebsters ThirdWhich Websters Dictionary Is the Real Thing? Examples and Observations Lexicographer. A writer of dictionaries; a harmless drudge, that busies himself in tracing the original and detailing the signification of words.(Samuel Johnson, A Dictionary of the English Language, 1755) Lumping and SplittingDictionaries are . . . based  on an oversimplification which posits that words have enumerable, listable meanings that are divisible into discrete units. Such constructs come in handy because dictionary users tend to work best with clear-cut  distinctions and categories that we like to classify into distinct, well-defined boxes.  One of the key questions the lexicographer  then faces is related to the distinction between lumping and splitting. The former term refers to the slightly different patterns of usage that are considered as a single meaning, while the latter happens when the lexicographer separates slightly different patterns of usage into distinct meanings. The burning question whether the lexicographer should apply a lumping or a splitting st rategy does not just apply to monolingual dictionaries, however. A related question for bilingual lexicographers is whether sense divisions should be based upon the source language or the target language.(Thierry Fontenelle, Bilingual Dictionaries.  The Oxford Handbook of Lexicography, ed. by  Philip Durkin. Oxford University Press, 2015) Homonymy and PolysemyA major problem for the  lexicographer is  provided by the distinction between homonymy and polysemy. We speak of homonymy when two lexemes share the same word-forms . . ..   We speak of polysemy when a single lexeme has two (or more)  distinguishable meanings. There is no generally agreed criterion for distinguishing between the two. EAR  organ of hearing and EAR  spike of corn may be treated as two distinct lexemes . . . and usually are in real dictionaries on the basis of distinct etymologies, although diachronic information should not  in principle be used to determine synchronic linguistic structure.  On the other hand, many speakers feel that an ear of corn  is called that because it resembles the ear on someones head, and implicitly treat EAR as a single polysemous lexeme. In the writing of any dictionary, a decision has to be taken as to how to distinguish between these two.(Laurie Bauer, Word. Morphology: An International Handbook on I nflection and Word-Formation, ed. by  Geert Booij et al. Walter de Gruyter, 2000) A Descriptive Approach to LanguageEven when they must make choices, lexicographers are attempting to provide a factual record of the language, not a statement about correctness of its usage. However, when people see one form highlighted in a dictionary, they interpret it as the one correct form and subsequently infer that any other form is incorrect. Furthermore, many who read and reference dictionaries take these decisions to be comprehensive and inalterable standards. In other words, even though lexicographers take a descriptive approach to language, their work is often read as prescriptive.(Susan Tamasi and Lamont Antieau, Language and Linguistic Diversity in the US: An Introduction. Routledge, 2015) A Proscriptive ApproachModern-day lexicography has produced convincing arguments in favour of a proscriptive approach (cf. Berenholtz 2003). Although it is possible to employ such an approach in printed dictionaries, it is an approach ideal for internet dictionaries. The proscriptive approach allows the lexicographer to present the user with a variety of options, e.g. different orthographic forms of a given word or different pronunciation possibilities. No single form is prescribed but the lexicographer indicates his or her preference by recommending one or more forms. By doing so the alternatives are not demonised but users get a clear indication of the form recommended by the expert.(Rufus H. Gouws, Dictionaries as Innovative Tools in a New Perspective on Standardisation. Lexicography at a Crossroads: Dictionaries and Encyclopedias Today, Lexicographical Tools Tomorrow, ed. by Henning Bergenholtz, Sandro Nielsen, and Sven Tarp. Peter Lang, 2009) Samuel Johnson on Lexicography and LanguageWhen we see men grow old and die at a certain time one after another, from century to century, we laugh at the elixir that promises to prolong life to a thousand years; and with equal justice may the lexicographer be derided, who being able to produce no example of a nation that has preserved their words and phrases from mutability, shall imagine that his dictionary can embalm his language, and secure it from corruption and decay . . .. The language most likely to continue long without alteration, would be that of a nation raised a little, and but a little, above barbarity, secluded from strangers, and totally employed in procuring the conveniences of life.(Samuel Johnson, Preface to A Dictionary of the English Language, 1755)

Biological system Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Biological system - Assignment Example Another category of devices, know as, Ventricular assist devices (VADs) use model-based control to make required adjustment for changes in patient needs. This reflects on the fact that these devices are related to automation and control. The article reflect on the health care or medicine industry. Different controls and sensors have been used for each device. For the artificial pancreas linear and nonlinear proportional-derivative (PD) algorithms to emulate the naturalistic biphasic insulin secretion profile. Advanced control technologies have been, including variations on PID control, run-to-run control and model predictive control. Control and manipulated variables differ from device to device as all devices are used for different reasons and are also based on different models. The articles highlights the issue of ventricular assist devices. Although high-level physiologic control is a promising technology a thorough research is required to understand how to control the speed of the pump and in response to what sensors. The paper reflects on the gap between engineers and clinicians. It shows that engineer can contribute and are highly contributing to the health care industry. With the help of automation and control, many traditional issues have been overcome and have caused an advancement in the field of biotechnology. Areas under research have given a glimpse of hope for many hopeless individuals and families suffering from different disease. Even though so much advance has and is taking place, they are many barriers that are causing resistance to the advancement. Not only are these barriers to be overcome but also different ways of improvement are to be sought. Those which are known should also be implemented. From a regulatory point of view, during development the centre of focus shouldn’t be the drug but the device. This is because opting to focus on the device usually leads to a shorter pathway of

Marketing decisions and planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing decisions and planning - Essay Example For Hemopure, competitive market is represented by the donor blood market and substitute products. The main competitors of Biopure are Baxter and Northfield. Both companies are market leaders relying on the high quality of products and selling history. Competition refers to the creation of differential advantage particularly by the effective management of innovation to meet changing marketing opportunities (Cooper et al 133). Programmed innovation, like Hemopure, is the method of achieving continuous market adjustment; competition is its stimulus. The main difference between Baxter’s and Northfield’s products and Hemopure is that the latter is based on cattle blood used as the main source of hemoglobin. External factors that place a limit on competition and innovation include various types of governmental regulation, accepted industry practices and agreements, and the social. The main strengths of Hemopure are innovative methods of production and hemoglobin extraction. The main weakness is that the product is not ready for immediate launch and will need two additional years of research and development. Also, Northfield laboratories received FDI approval in 1999 (Biopure Corporation 8-9). Veterinary market proposes enormous opportunities for Biopure because it will be the only company producing such products. The main strength is that for the next 3-5 years, Biopure will be the only market leader in this sector. The main weakness is that any other company can enter this market and reduce the price level. Thus, even such lead